--- title: A warmer climate makes heatwaves more common, dries the ground faste… — Weather, storms and the changing climate · tree and pragmatics description: A warmer climate makes heatwaves more common, dries the ground faster and, because warm air holds more water, can make heavy downpours heavier, and in 2022 Britain recorded over 40 degrees Celsius for the first time. Who acts: warmer climate, warm air, Britain. A sentence of the lesson «Weather, sto --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Weather, storms and the changing climate](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/) / 19 # Weather, storms and the changing climate, sentence 19 A warmer climate makes heatwaves more common, dries the ground faster and, because warm air holds more water, can make heavy downpours heavier, and in 2022 Britain recorded over 40 degrees Celsius for the first time. **Who acts:** warmer climate, warm air, Britain · **What happens:** make, dry, hold, record · **To what, where:** heatwaves, ground, more water, heavy downpours, 40 degrees, 2022 This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (warmer climate, warm air, Britain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:19 # text = A warmer climate makes heatwaves more common, dries the ground faster and, because warm air holds more water, can make heavy downpours heavier, and in 2022 Britain recorded over 40 degrees Celsius for the first time. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 warmer warm ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 3 amod _ _ 3 climate climate NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 heatwaves heatwave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 6 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 7 advmod _ _ 7 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 xcomp _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 dries dry VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 faster fast ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 9 advmod _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 because because SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 16 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 18 holds hold VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 advcl _ _ 19 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 20 amod _ _ 20 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=9:conj 24 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 downpours downpour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 26 heavier heavy ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 23 xcomp _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=36:punct 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 2022 2022 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 32 obl _ _ 31 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 recorded record VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 33 over over ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 34 40 40 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 35 nummod _ _ 35 degrees degree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 36 Celsius Celsius PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 37 for for ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 40 amod _ _ 40 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present | a warmer climate | heatwaves | | | | common *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset heatwave=Product | | 2 | **dry** | present | a warmer climate *not said here* | the ground | | | | fast *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient ground=Result | | 3 | **hold** | present | warm air | more water | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | | 4 | **make** | can | a warmer climate *not said here* | heavy downpours | | | | heavy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset downpour=Product | | 5 | **record** | past | Britain | 40 degrees | | 2022 | time | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent degree=Theme in 2022=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:19`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/18/) - next →: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/20/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/)