--- title: A thunderstorm grows where warm, wet air shoots upwards into a tall… — Weather, storms and the changing climate · tree and pragmatics description: A thunderstorm grows where warm, wet air shoots upwards into a tall cloud; a hurricane is a whole spinning engine of storms fed by warm tropical sea, with a calm eye in the middle and the fiercest wind just around it. Who acts: thunderstorm, warm wet air, hurricane. A sentence of the lesson «Weather --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Weather, storms and the changing climate](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/) / 3 # Weather, storms and the changing climate, sentence 3 A thunderstorm grows where warm, wet air shoots upwards into a tall cloud; a hurricane is a whole spinning engine of storms fed by warm tropical sea, with a calm eye in the middle and the fiercest wind just around it. **Who acts:** thunderstorm, warm wet air, hurricane · **What happens:** grow, shoot, spin, be, feed · **To what, where:** tall cloud, whole spinning engine, storms This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thunderstorm, warm wet air, hurricane), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:3 # text = A thunderstorm grows where warm, wet air shoots upwards into a tall cloud; a hurricane is a whole spinning engine of storms fed by warm tropical sea, with a calm eye in the middle and the fiercest wind just around it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 thunderstorm thunderstorm NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 grows grow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 9 advmod _ _ 5 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 wet wet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 shoots shoot VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 10 upwards upward ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 11 into into ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 tall tall ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 hurricane hurricane NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 18 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 20 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 21 spinning spin VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 22 amod _ _ 22 engine engine NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 storms storm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nmod _ _ 25 fed feed VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 acl _ _ 26 by by ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 28 tropical tropical ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 31 with with ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 calm calm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 eye eye NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 middle middle NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 fiercest fierce ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 41 amod _ _ 41 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 conj _ _ 42 just just ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 43 around around ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nmod _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grow** | present | a thunderstorm | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **shoot** | present | warm wet air | | | a tall cloud | | upward *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent into cloud=Destination | | 3 | **spin** | gerund | | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **is a** | present | a hurricane | a whole spinning engine | | | | of storms with a calm eye in the middle and the fiercest wind around air | tree rules | | 5 | **feed** | participle | | storms with a calm eye in the middle and the fiercest wind around air *not said here* | | | | by warm tropical sea | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/2/) - next →: [Weather, storms and the changing climate, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/)