---
title: Some countries, such as Japan and Italy, have many old people and fe… — Population and cities · tree and pragmatics
description: Some countries, such as Japan and Italy, have many old people and few births, while countries such as Niger have very young populations; with few births there will later be fewer young workers to look after the old. Who acts: countries. A sentence of the lesson «Population and cities» of the geograp
---

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# Population and cities, sentence 18

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some countries, such as Japan and Italy, have many old people and few births, while countries such as Niger have very young populations; with few births there will later be fewer young workers to look after the old.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** countries · **What happens:** have, be, look · **To what, where:** many old people, young populations, fewer young workers

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Population and cities» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (countries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:024-population-and-cities.lesson:18
# text = Some countries, such as Japan and Italy, have many old people and few births, while countries such as Niger have very young populations; with few births there will later be fewer young workers to look after the old.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 024-population-and-cities.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:appos
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	births	birth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
19	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
20	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	22	case	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
22	Niger	Niger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:conj
24	very	very	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	populations	population	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
27	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
28	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	births	birth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	_
31	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	37	expl	_	_
32	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
33	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	37	advmod	_	_
34	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	cop	_	_
35	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	37	amod	_	_
36	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	parataxis	_	_
38	to	to	PART	TO	_	39	mark	_	_
39	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	acl	_	_
40	after	after	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	obl	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some countries such Japan and Italy | many old people and few births |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | present | countries such Niger | young populations |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent population=Patient |
| 3 | **is a** | future |  | fewer young workers |  | there |  | with few births; late *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **look** | to-infinitive | some countries such Japan and Italy *not said here* |  |  |  | after the old |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:024-population-and-cities.lesson:18`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Population and cities, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/24-population-and-cities/17/)
- next →: [Population and cities, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/24-population-and-cities/19/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/24-population-and-cities/)