---
title: Real numbers are only estimates, so historians give ranges, not exac… — Population and cities · tree and pragmatics
description: Real numbers are only estimates, so historians give ranges, not exact counts like a game screen. Who acts: Real numbers, historians. A sentence of the lesson «Population and cities» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Population and cities, sentence 9

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Real numbers are only estimates, so historians give ranges, not exact counts like a game screen.

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**Who acts:** Real numbers, historians · **What happens:** be, give · **To what, where:** estimates, ranges

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Population and cities» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Real numbers, historians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:024-population-and-cities.lesson:9
# text = Real numbers are only estimates, so historians give ranges, not exact counts like a game screen.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 024-population-and-cities.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
5	estimates	estimate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	historians	historian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj
10	ranges	range	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
13	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	counts	count	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=none

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Real numbers | estimates |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present | historians | ranges and exact counts like a game screen |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent range=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:024-population-and-cities.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Population and cities, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/24-population-and-cities/8/)
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