--- title: Say "mother" in English, "mater" in Latin, "mat" in Russian and "mad… — Languages and peoples on the map · tree and pragmatics description: Say "mother" in English, "mater" in Latin, "mat" in Russian and "madar" in Persian: they sound alike because these languages grew from one ancient ancestor, like cousins who share a grandmother. Who acts: you, mother, languages, cousins. A sentence of the lesson «Languages and peoples on the map» of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Languages and peoples on the map](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/) / 0 # Languages and peoples on the map, sentence 0 Say "mother" in English, "mater" in Latin, "mat" in Russian and "madar" in Persian: they sound alike because these languages grew from one ancient ancestor, like cousins who share a grandmother. **Who acts:** you, mother, languages, cousins · **What happens:** say, sound, grow, share · **To what, where:** mother, English, grandmother · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Languages and peoples on the map» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, mother, languages, cousins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:025-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map.lesson:0 # text = Say "mother" in English, "mater" in Latin, "mat" in Russian and "madar" in Persian: they sound alike because these languages grew from one ancient ancestor, like cousins who share a grandmother. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 025-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Say say VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 " " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ _ 3 mother mother NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 " " PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 9 mater mater NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=1:parataxis 10 " " PUNCT '' _ 9 punct _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 Latin Latin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 " " PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ _ 15 mat mat NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 appos _ _ 16 " " PUNCT '' _ 15 punct _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 Russian Russian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:nmod 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 " " PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ _ 21 madar madar NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 22 " " PUNCT '' _ 21 punct _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 Persian Persian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 25 : : PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 26 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 sound sound VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ _ 28 alike alike ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 29 because because SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 30 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 31 det _ _ 31 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 32 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 advcl _ _ 33 from from ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 34 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 36 nummod _ _ 35 ancient ancient ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 ancestor ancestor NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 like like ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 cousins cousin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=36:appos 40 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 41 nsubj _ _ 41 share share VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 acl:relcl _ _ 42 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 grandmother grandmother NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obj _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | mother and mater in Latin in Persian and madar | | English | | | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent mother=Theme in english=Manner | | 2 | **sound** | present | mother | | | | | alike *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 3 | **grow** | past | this languages | | | | | from one ancient ancestor like cousins | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from ancestor=Patient | | 4 | **share** | present | cousins | a grandmother | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:025-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Population and cities, 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/24-population-and-cities/21/) - next →: [Languages and peoples on the map, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/)