--- title: About 7,000 languages are spoken today, and nearly half are endanger… — Languages and peoples on the map · tree and pragmatics description: About 7,000 languages are spoken today, and nearly half are endangered, because children grow up speaking a bigger language instead. Who acts: half, children. A sentence of the lesson «Languages and peoples on the map» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Languages and peoples on the map](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/) / 4 # Languages and peoples on the map, sentence 4 About 7,000 languages are spoken today, and nearly half are endangered, because children grow up speaking a bigger language instead. **Who acts:** half, children · **What happens:** speak, be, grow up · **To what, where:** 7,000 languages, bigger language · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Languages and peoples on the map» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (half, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:025-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map.lesson:4 # text = About 7,000 languages are spoken today, and nearly half are endangered, because children grow up speaking a bigger language instead. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 025-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 About about ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 7,000 7000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 nummod _ _ 3 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:nsubj:pass 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 spoken speak VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl:unmarked _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=10:punct 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 9 nearly nearly ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 half half NOUN NN Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac 12 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 11 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 12 endangered endangered ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 because because SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 15 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 16 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 advcl _ _ 17 up up ADP RP _ 16 compound:prt _ _ 18 speaking speak VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 16 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:advcl 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 21 amod _ _ 21 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 22 instead instead ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 23 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive | | 7,000 languages | | | today | | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | present | half | | | | | endangered *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **grow up** | present | children | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | children *not said here* | a bigger language | | | | instead *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:025-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Languages and peoples on the map, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/3/) - next →: [Languages and peoples on the map, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/)