--- title: When people with different first languages need to trade or rule, th… — Languages and peoples on the map · tree and pragmatics description: When people with different first languages need to trade or rule, they use a shared one, a lingua franca, like Swahili on the East African coast or Persian at the courts of India. Who acts: people, languages. A sentence of the lesson «Languages and peoples on the map» of the geography course of Mova --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Languages and peoples on the map](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/) / 6 # Languages and peoples on the map, sentence 6 When people with different first languages need to trade or rule, they use a shared one, a lingua franca, like Swahili on the East African coast or Persian at the courts of India. **Who acts:** people, languages · **What happens:** need, trade, rule, use, share · **To what, where:** shared one This is a sentence of the lesson «Languages and peoples on the map» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, languages), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:025-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map.lesson:6 # text = When people with different first languages need to trade or rule, they use a shared one, a lingua franca, like Swahili on the East African coast or Persian at the courts of India. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 025-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 When when ADV WRB _ 7 advmod _ _ 2 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 3 with with ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 5 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 6 amod _ _ 6 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ 7 need need VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 advcl _ _ 8 to to PART TO _ 9 mark _ _ 9 trade trade VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 xcomp _ _ 10 or or CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 rule rule VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 13 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 shared share VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 amod _ _ 17 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:obj|HaikuPos=NUM:CD:NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 lingua lingua NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 appos _ _ 21 franca franca NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:appos|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 like like ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 Swahili Swahili PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:conj 25 on on ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 27 East East PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 African African ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 29 coast coast NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:obl 30 or or CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 Persian Persian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=29:conj|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 32 at at ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 courts court NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **need** | present | people with different first languages | | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | | 2 | **trade** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | people with different first languages *not said here* | | | | | | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **rule** | infinitive | people with different first languages *not said here* | | | | | | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **use** | present | languages *= language* | a shared one | | | | like Swahili on the African coast or Persian | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | | 5 | **share** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:025-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Languages and peoples on the map, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/4/) - next →: [Languages and peoples on the map, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/25-languages-and-peoples-on-the-map/)