---
title: After 1492 plants and animals crossed the Atlantic in both direction… — Food and farming around the world · tree and pragmatics
description: After 1492 plants and animals crossed the Atlantic in both directions, which historians call the Columbian Exchange. Who acts: plants, historians. A sentence of the lesson «Food and farming around the world» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# Food and farming around the world, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After 1492 plants and animals crossed the Atlantic in both directions, which historians call the Columbian Exchange.

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**Who acts:** plants, historians · **What happens:** cross, call · **To what, where:** Atlantic, directions · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Food and farming around the world» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plants, historians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:026-food-and-farming-around-the-world.lesson:11
# text = After 1492 plants and animals crossed the Atlantic in both directions, which historians call the Columbian Exchange.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 026-food-and-farming-around-the-world.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1492	1492	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
3	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	directions	direction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:det|HaikuPos=DET:WDT:PronType=Int
14	historians	historian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	Columbian	Columbian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Exchange	Exchange	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | past | plants and animals | the Atlantic |  |  | after 1492 | in both directions | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent atlantic=Patient in direction=Topic |
| 2 | **call** | present | historians | both directions |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme exchange=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:026-food-and-farming-around-the-world.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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