--- title: Potatoes, maize, tomatoes, chillies and cocoa came from the Americas… — Food and farming around the world · tree and pragmatics description: Potatoes, maize, tomatoes, chillies and cocoa came from the Americas, while wheat, horses, cattle and sugar cane went there; there had been no horses in the Americas before. Who acts: Potatoes, wheat, horses. A sentence of the lesson «Food and farming around the world» of the geography course of Mov --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/26-food-and-farming-around-the-world/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Food and farming around the world](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/26-food-and-farming-around-the-world/) / 12 # Food and farming around the world, sentence 12 Potatoes, maize, tomatoes, chillies and cocoa came from the Americas, while wheat, horses, cattle and sugar cane went there; there had been no horses in the Americas before. **Who acts:** Potatoes, wheat, horses · **What happens:** come, go, be · **To what, where:** Americas This is a sentence of the lesson «Food and farming around the world» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Potatoes, wheat, horses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:026-food-and-farming-around-the-world.lesson:12 # text = Potatoes, maize, tomatoes, chillies and cocoa came from the Americas, while wheat, horses, cattle and sugar cane went there; there had been no horses in the Americas before. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 026-food-and-farming-around-the-world.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Potatoes potato NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 3 maize maize NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 tomatoes tomato NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 chillies chilli NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 cocoa cocoa NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 10 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 11 from from ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 Americas AMERICAS PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 while while SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 16 wheat wheat NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 cattle cattle NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 sugar sugar NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 cane cane NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 24 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:conj 25 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 24 advmod _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 27 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 29 expl _ _ 28 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 29 been be VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 24 parataxis _ _ 30 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 31 det _ _ 31 horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 Americas AMERICAS PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 31 nmod _ _ 35 before before ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=24:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | Potatoes and maize and tomatoes and chillies | | | the Americas | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from americas=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **go** | past | wheat and horses and cattle and sugar cane | | | there | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **be** | past · perfect | no horses in the Americas | | | there | | before *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:026-food-and-farming-around-the-world.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Food and farming around the world, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/26-food-and-farming-around-the-world/11/) - next →: [Food and farming around the world, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/26-food-and-farming-around-the-world/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/26-food-and-farming-around-the-world/)