--- title: Farmers in hilly places cut steps called terraces into the slopes, s… — Food and farming around the world · tree and pragmatics description: Farmers in hilly places cut steps called terraces into the slopes, so the flat steps hold water and stop soil washing away, as in the rice terraces of the Philippines and the farming terraces of the Inca in the Andes. Who acts: Farmers, steps, flat steps. A sentence of the lesson «Food and farming a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/26-food-and-farming-around-the-world/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Food and farming around the world](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/26-food-and-farming-around-the-world/) / 18 # Food and farming around the world, sentence 18 Farmers in hilly places cut steps called terraces into the slopes, so the flat steps hold water and stop soil washing away, as in the rice terraces of the Philippines and the farming terraces of the Inca in the Andes. **Who acts:** Farmers, steps, flat steps · **What happens:** cut, call, hold, stop, wash away · **To what, where:** steps, terraces, water, soil · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Food and farming around the world» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Farmers, steps, flat steps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:026-food-and-farming-around-the-world.lesson:18 # text = Farmers in hilly places cut steps called terraces into the slopes, so the flat steps hold water and stop soil washing away, as in the rice terraces of the Philippines and the farming terraces of the Inca in the Andes. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 026-food-and-farming-around-the-world.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Farmers farmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 3 hilly hilly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _ 5 cut cut VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 steps step NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 7 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl _ _ 8 terraces terrace NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 xcomp _ _ 9 into into ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 slopes slope NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 13 so so ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 flat flat ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 steps step NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 17 hold hold VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ _ 18 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 stop stop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=17:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 21 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 22 washing wash VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 20 advcl _ _ 23 away away ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 25 as as ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 rice rice NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 terraces terrace NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 Philippines Philippines PROPN NNPS Number=Ptan 29 nmod _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 farming farming NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 36 terraces terrace NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 conj _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 Inca Inca PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 40 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 Andes Andes PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 29 nmod _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cut** | present | Farmers in hilly places | steps | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Product | | 2 | **call** | participle | steps *not said here* | terraces into the slopes and the rice terraces of the Philippines in the Andes and the farming terraces of the Inca | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **hold** | present | the flat steps | water | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | | 4 | **stop** | present | the flat steps *not said here* | soil | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality soil=Eventuality | | 5 | **wash away** | gerund | the flat steps *not said here* | | | | | away *property* | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:026-food-and-farming-around-the-world.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Food and farming around the world, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/26-food-and-farming-around-the-world/17/) - next →: [Food and farming around the world, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/26-food-and-farming-around-the-world/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/26-food-and-farming-around-the-world/)