--- title: The Black Death is thought to have spread from Central Asia westward… — The Silk Road · tree and pragmatics description: The Black Death is thought to have spread from Central Asia westward along trade routes in the 1340s, its germs carried by traders, animals, goods and fleas, reaching the Crimean port of Caffa and then the Mediterranean in 1347. Who acts: germs. A sentence of the lesson «The Silk Road» of the geogra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/28-the-silk-road/20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [The Silk Road](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/28-the-silk-road/) / 20 # The Silk Road, sentence 20 The Black Death is thought to have spread from Central Asia westward along trade routes in the 1340s, its germs carried by traders, animals, goods and fleas, reaching the Crimean port of Caffa and then the Mediterranean in 1347. **Who acts:** germs · **What happens:** think, spread, carry, reach · **To what, where:** Black Death, Central Asia, Crimean port This is a sentence of the lesson «The Silk Road» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (germs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:028-the-silk-road.lesson:20 # text = The Black Death is thought to have spread from Central Asia westward along trade routes in the 1340s, its germs carried by traders, animals, goods and fleas, reaching the Crimean port of Caffa and then the Mediterranean in 1347. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 028-the-silk-road.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 Death death PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj:pass _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:nsubj:pass|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 thought think VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 8 mark _ _ 7 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 8 aux _ _ 8 spread spread VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 xcomp _ _ 9 from from ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 Central Central PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 amod _ _ 11 Asia Asia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 12 westward westward ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 13 along along ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 trade trade NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 routes route NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 1340s 1340 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 8 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:nmod 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 22 carried carry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 advcl _ _ 23 by by ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 traders trader NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl:agent _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 conj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 goods goods NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 24 conj _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 fleas flea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 conj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 reaching reach VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 18 appos _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 Crimean Crimean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=35:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 35 port port NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 Caffa Caffa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 39 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 41 advmod _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 Mediterranean Mediterranean PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 conj _ _ 42 in in ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 1347 1347 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 obl _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present · passive | | the Black Death | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme | | 2 | **spread** | to-infinitive · perfect | | | | Central Asia | | along trade routes; in the 1340s; in 1347; westward *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along route=Location | | 3 | **carry** | participle | Death's germs | | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **reach** | gerund | | the Crimean port of Caffa and the Mediterranean | | | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent port=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:028-the-silk-road.lesson:20`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Silk Road, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/28-the-silk-road/19/) - next →: [The Silk Road, 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/28-the-silk-road/21/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/28-the-silk-road/)