---
title: By the 1700s spices became much cheaper in Europe as more were shipp… — The spice trade and the Indian Ocean · tree and pragmatics
description: By the 1700s spices became much cheaper in Europe as more were shipped by sea and plants were grown in new places. Who acts: spices, sea. A sentence of the lesson «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, sentence 18

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By the 1700s spices became much cheaper in Europe as more were shipped by sea and plants were grown in new places.

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**Who acts:** spices, sea · **What happens:** become, ship, grow · **To what, where:** more, plants, new places

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spices, sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:18
# text = By the 1700s spices became much cheaper in Europe as more were shipped by sea and plants were grown in new places.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	1700s	1700	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	_
4	spices	spice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	much	much	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	shipped	ship	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | spices |  |  |  |  | by the 1700s; cheap *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **ship** | past · passive | sea | more |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 3 | **grow** | past · passive |  | plants |  | new places |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:18`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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