--- title: The Portuguese did not simply join this trade: they used warships an… — The spice trade and the Indian Ocean · tree and pragmatics description: The Portuguese did not simply join this trade: they used warships and forts to force others to buy passes and pay duties, and later the Dutch East India Company killed or enslaved most people of the Banda Islands in 1621 to control nutmeg. Who acts: Portuguese, Europeans, others, Dutch India Company --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [The spice trade and the Indian Ocean](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/) / 4 # The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, sentence 4 The Portuguese did not simply join this trade: they used warships and forts to force others to buy passes and pay duties, and later the Dutch East India Company killed or enslaved most people of the Banda Islands in 1621 to control nutmeg. **Who acts:** Portuguese, Europeans, others, Dutch India Company · **What happens:** not join, use, force, buy, pay, kill · **To what, where:** trade, warships, others, passes, duties, most people This is a sentence of the lesson «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Portuguese, Europeans, others, Dutch India Company), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:4 # text = The Portuguese did not simply join this trade: they used warships and forts to force others to buy passes and pay duties, and later the Dutch East India Company killed or enslaved most people of the Banda Islands in 1621 to control nutmeg. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Portuguese Portuguese PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=6:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 4 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 6 advmod _ _ 5 simply simply ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 join join VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 7 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 8 det _ _ 8 trade trade NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _ 10 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 12 warships warship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 forts fort NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 conj _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 force force VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 advcl _ _ 17 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 18 to to PART TO _ 19 mark _ _ 19 buy buy VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 xcomp _ _ 20 passes pass NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 pay pay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 conj _ _ 23 duties duty NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 26 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 32 advmod _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 28 Dutch dutch ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 29 East East PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:compound 30 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 Company Company PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 killed kill VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:parataxis 33 or or CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 enslaved enslave VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 conj _ _ 35 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 36 amod _ _ 36 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obj _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 39 Banda Banda PROPN NNP Number=Sing 40 compound _ _ 40 Islands Island PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 36 nmod _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 1621 1621 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 34 obl _ _ 43 to to PART TO _ 44 mark _ _ 44 control control VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 advcl _ _ 45 nutmeg nutmeg NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obj _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **join** | past · do-support | the Portuguese | this trade | | | | simply *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trade=Patient | | 2 | **use** | past | Europeans *= european* | warships and forts | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warship=Patient | | 3 | **force** | to-infinitive | Europeans *= european* *not said here* | others | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent other=Recipient clause=Topic | | 4 | **buy** | to-infinitive | others *not said here* | passes | | | | | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pass=Theme | | 5 | **pay** | infinitive | others *not said here* | duties | | | | | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duty=Asset | | 6 | **kill** | past | the Dutch India Company | | | | | late *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 7 | **enslave** | past | the Dutch India Company *not said here* | most people of the Banda Islands | | 1621 | | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient | | 8 | **control** | to-infinitive | the Dutch India Company *not said here* | nutmeg | | | | | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nutmeg=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/3/) - next →: [The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/)