--- title: Real history was rougher and longer: the Indian Ocean was full of tr… — The spice trade and the Indian Ocean · tree and pragmatics description: Real history was rougher and longer: the Indian Ocean was full of trading powers when the Portuguese came, and Europe's merchants won their place largely by force, not by better prices. Who acts: Real history, Indian Ocean, Portuguese, merchants. A sentence of the lesson «The spice trade and the Ind --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [The spice trade and the Indian Ocean](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/) / 6 # The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, sentence 6 Real history was rougher and longer: the Indian Ocean was full of trading powers when the Portuguese came, and Europe's merchants won their place largely by force, not by better prices. **Who acts:** Real history, Indian Ocean, Portuguese, merchants · **What happens:** be, come, win · **To what, where:** place This is a sentence of the lesson «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Real history, Indian Ocean, Portuguese, merchants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:6 # text = Real history was rougher and longer: the Indian Ocean was full of trading powers when the Portuguese came, and Europe's merchants won their place largely by force, not by better prices. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 history history NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 rougher rough ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 longer long ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 4 conj _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 Indian Indian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 Ocean Ocean PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 11 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 12 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 parataxis _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 trading trading NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 powers power NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 16 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 19 advmod _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 Portuguese Portuguese PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=19:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 19 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:parataxis 20 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 22 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nmod:poss _ _ 23 's 's PART POS _ 22 case _ _ 24 merchants merchant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 won win VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 26 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 largely largely ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 29 by by ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 force force NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 35 advmod _ _ 33 by by ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 better good ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 35 amod _ _ 35 prices price NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 conj _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Real history | | | | | rough *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | Real history *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **is** | past | the Indian Ocean | | | | | of trading powers; full *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **come** | past | the Portuguese | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **win** | past | Europe's merchants | merchants's place | | | | by force and better prices; largely *property* | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/4/) - next →: [The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/)