---
title: Pepper, cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg were very valuable in medieval E… — The spice trade and the Indian Ocean · tree and pragmatics
description: Pepper, cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg were very valuable in medieval Europe because they grew only in tropical Asia and passed through many traders. Who acts: Pepper, Cloves. A sentence of the lesson «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its depen
---

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# The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, sentence 7

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Pepper, cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg were very valuable in medieval Europe because they grew only in tropical Asia and passed through many traders.

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**Who acts:** Pepper, Cloves · **What happens:** be, grow, pass · **To what, where:** medieval Europe, tropical Asia, many traders

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pepper, Cloves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:7
# text = Pepper, cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg were very valuable in medieval Europe because they grew only in tropical Asia and passed through many traders.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1
1	Pepper	pepper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	cinnamon	cinnamon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=1:punct
5	cloves	clove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	nutmeg	nutmeg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	valuable	valuable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	medieval	medieval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
17	only	only	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	tropical	tropical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
23	through	through	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	traders	trader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Pepper and cinnamon and cloves and nutmeg |  |  | medieval Europe |  | valuable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | past | Cloves *= clove* |  |  | tropical Asia |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in asia=Location |
| 3 | **pass** | past | Cloves *= clove* *not said here* |  |  | many traders |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through trader=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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