--- title: Venice grew rich buying spices in ports such as Alexandria and Beiru… — The spice trade and the Indian Ocean · tree and pragmatics description: Venice grew rich buying spices in ports such as Alexandria and Beirut and selling them across Europe, but once ships sailed round Africa straight to India, its spice trade faced strong competition and declined. Who acts: Venice, ships, spice trade, nutmeg. A sentence of the lesson «The spice trade a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [The spice trade and the Indian Ocean](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/) / 8 # The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, sentence 8 Venice grew rich buying spices in ports such as Alexandria and Beirut and selling them across Europe, but once ships sailed round Africa straight to India, its spice trade faced strong competition and declined. **Who acts:** Venice, ships, spice trade, nutmeg · **What happens:** grow, buy, sell, sail, face, decline · **To what, where:** spices, ports, Europe, India, Africa, strong competition This is a sentence of the lesson «The spice trade and the Indian Ocean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Venice, ships, spice trade, nutmeg), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:8 # text = Venice grew rich buying spices in ports such as Alexandria and Beirut and selling them across Europe, but once ships sailed round Africa straight to India, its spice trade faced strong competition and declined. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Venice Venice PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 rich rich ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 xcomp _ _ 4 buying buy VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 5 spices spice NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 ports port NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 10 case _ _ 9 as as ADP IN _ 8 fixed _ _ 10 Alexandria Alexandria PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 Beirut Beirut PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 selling sell VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 conj _ _ 15 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ _ 16 across across ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 19 but but CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 20 once once SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 21 ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 22 sailed sail VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 advcl _ _ 23 round round ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 25 straight straight ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 26 to to ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 29 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 30 spice spice NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 trade trade NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 faced face VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 33 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 competition competition NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 declined decline VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 conj _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grow** | past | Venice | | | | | rich *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **buy** | gerund | Venice *not said here* | spices | | ports such Alexandria and Beirut | | | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spice=Theme | | 3 | **sell** | gerund | Venice *not said here* | spices *= spice* | | Europe | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 4 | **sail** | past | ships | | India | Africa | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent round africa=Trajectory | | 5 | **face** | past | nutmeg's spice trade | strong competition | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme competition=Destination | | 6 | **decline** | past | nutmeg's spice trade *not said here* | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 7 | **trade** | | nutmeg | | | | | | nom trade «act transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:029-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/7/) - next →: [The spice trade and the Indian Ocean, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/)