--- title: The Atlantic routes and the slave trade — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade», a lesson of the geography course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: A sailing ship could not go straight wherever it liked: it had to follow the winds. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / The Atlantic routes and the slave trade # The Atlantic routes and the slave trade Lesson 30 of the geography course of Mova's primary school: 21 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/0/) — A sailing ship could not go straight wherever it liked: it had to follow the winds. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/1/) — Across the Atlantic ships went out with the trade winds in the south and came home with the westerlies in the north, a great loop linking Europe, Africa and the Americas. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/2/) — Along that loop ran one of the worst crimes in history. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/3/) — Ships carried cloth, guns and metal to West Africa, carried enslaved Africans across the ocean to the Americas, and brought back sugar, tobacco and cotton grown by enslaved people. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/4/) — About 12.5 million Africans were forced onto ships, and about 2 million died on the crossing, called the Middle Passage, chained below deck in crowded, filthy holds for weeks. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/5/) — A famous drawing of the slave ship Brookes in 1788 showed this and helped turn British opinion against the trade. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/6/) — Enslaved people resisted all the time: revolts on ships, running away, free maroon communities like Palmares in Brazil, and the Haitian Revolution, which made Haiti independent in 1804. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/7/) — In Europa Universalis 5 colonies send sugar and tobacco as trade goods and the game ends in 1836. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/8/) — Behind every such good were real people forced to work, and slavery went on after the game ends: in the USA until 1865 and in Brazil until 1888. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/9/) — Sailing ships crossed the Atlantic in a loop, going out with the trade winds in the south and coming back with the westerlies in the north. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/10/) — Ships sailed from Europe to West Africa with goods such as cloth, guns and metal, carried enslaved Africans to the Americas, and brought back sugar, tobacco and cotton, which is called the triangular trade. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/11/) — Ports such as Liverpool, Bristol, Nantes and Lisbon grew rich from this trade. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/12/) — About 12.5 million Africans were forced onto ships across the Atlantic between the 1500s and the 1860s, and about 2 million died on the voyage. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/13/) — Most enslaved Africans were taken to Brazil and the Caribbean, and fewer than half a million directly to North America; Brazil alone took more than any other country. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/15/) — The slave trade caused wars, raids and the loss of millions of young people from West and Central Africa, and in 1526 King Afonso I of Kongo wrote to the king of Portugal complaining about it. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/16/) — Enslaved people resisted in many ways, from revolts on ships to running away and building free communities. - [17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/17/) — Escaped enslaved people formed free communities called maroon settlements in Jamaica, Suriname, Brazil and elsewhere, and Palmares in Brazil lasted for most of the 1600s; they were often hidden in mountains and forests, where soldiers found them hard to reach. - [18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/18/) — The Haitian Revolution from 1791 overthrew slavery in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, and Haiti became independent in 1804. - [19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/19/) — Britain banned its slave trade in 1807 and slavery in most of its colonies from 1834, while slavery lasted in the USA until 1865 and in Brazil until 1888. - [20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/20/) — When Britain ended slavery, it paid £20 million to slave owners for their "lost property" and nothing to the people who had been enslaved. - [21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/21/) — Tens of millions of people in the Americas today, in Brazil, the USA, the Caribbean and elsewhere, are descendants of Africans brought by the slave trade, and music such as jazz, samba and reggae grew partly from the music they brought from Africa. - ← previous: [The spice trade and the Indian Ocean](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/29-the-spice-trade-and-the-indian-ocean/) - next →: [Borders: why they are where they are](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/) - ↑ back to [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/)