--- title: Ships sailed from Europe to West Africa with goods such as cloth, gu… — The Atlantic routes and the slave trade · tree and pragmatics description: Ships sailed from Europe to West Africa with goods such as cloth, guns and metal, carried enslaved Africans to the Americas, and brought back sugar, tobacco and cotton, which is called the triangular trade. Who acts: Ships. A sentence of the lesson «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade» of the ge --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [The Atlantic routes and the slave trade](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/) / 10 # The Atlantic routes and the slave trade, sentence 10 Ships sailed from Europe to West Africa with goods such as cloth, guns and metal, carried enslaved Africans to the Americas, and brought back sugar, tobacco and cotton, which is called the triangular trade. **Who acts:** Ships · **What happens:** sail, carry, enslave, bring back, call · **To what, where:** West Africa, Europe, enslaved Africans, Americas, sugar · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:030-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade.lesson:10 # text = Ships sailed from Europe to West Africa with goods such as cloth, guns and metal, carried enslaved Africans to the Americas, and brought back sugar, tobacco and cotton, which is called the triangular trade. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 030-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 sailed sail VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 5 to to ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 West West PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:nmod 8 with with ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 goods goods NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 2 obl _ _ 10 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 12 case _ _ 11 as as ADP IN _ 10 fixed _ _ 12 cloth cloth NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 guns gun NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:appos 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 metal metal NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=1:punct 18 carried carry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 19 enslaved enslave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 20 amod _ _ 20 Africans African PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 21 to to ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 brought bring VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 27 back back ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 28 sugar sugar NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 tobacco tobacco NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 conj _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 cotton cotton NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 conj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 36 nsubj:pass _ _ 35 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux:pass _ _ 36 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 acl:relcl _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 38 triangular triangular ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 trade trade NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=36:obj 40 . . PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sail** | past | Ships | | West Africa | Europe | | with goods such cloth and guns and metal | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent from europe=Trajectory | | 2 | **carry** | past | Ships *not said here* | enslaved Africans | the Americas | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent african=Theme to americas=Destination | | 3 | **enslave** | participle | | | | | | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **bring back** | past | Ships *not said here* | sugar and tobacco and cotton | | | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent sugar=Theme | | 5 | **call** | present · passive | | sugar and tobacco and cotton | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:030-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Atlantic routes and the slave trade, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/9/) - next →: [The Atlantic routes and the slave trade, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/)