---
title: About 12.5 million Africans were forced onto ships across the Atlant… — The Atlantic routes and the slave trade · tree and pragmatics
description: About 12.5 million Africans were forced onto ships across the Atlantic between the 1500s and the 1860s, and about 2 million died on the voyage. Who acts: 2 million. A sentence of the lesson «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency
---

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# The Atlantic routes and the slave trade, sentence 12

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About 12.5 million Africans were forced onto ships across the Atlantic between the 1500s and the 1860s, and about 2 million died on the voyage.

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**Who acts:** 2 million · **What happens:** force, die · **To what, where:** million Africans, ships, voyage

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (2 million), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:030-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade.lesson:12
# text = About 12.5 million Africans were forced onto ships across the Atlantic between the 1500s and the 1860s, and about 2 million died on the voyage.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 030-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	About	about	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	12.5	12.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Frac	3	compound	_	_
3	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	Africans	african	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	across	across	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	between	between	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	1500s	1500	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	1860s	1860	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	14	conj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	about	about	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	compound	_	_
22	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nsubj	_	_
23	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	voyage	voyage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **force** | past · passive |  | million Africans |  | ships across the Atlantic |  | between the 1500s and the 1860s | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **die** | past | 2 million |  |  | the voyage |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:030-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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