--- title: Tens of millions of people in the Americas today, in Brazil, the USA… — The Atlantic routes and the slave trade · tree and pragmatics description: Tens of millions of people in the Americas today, in Brazil, the USA, the Caribbean and elsewhere, are descendants of Africans brought by the slave trade, and music such as jazz, samba and reggae grew partly from the music they brought from Africa. Who acts: Tens, descendants. A sentence of the less --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [The Atlantic routes and the slave trade](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/) / 21 # The Atlantic routes and the slave trade, sentence 21 Tens of millions of people in the Americas today, in Brazil, the USA, the Caribbean and elsewhere, are descendants of Africans brought by the slave trade, and music such as jazz, samba and reggae grew partly from the music they brought from Africa. **Who acts:** Tens, descendants · **What happens:** be, bring, grow · **To what, where:** descendants, Africans, music, Africa This is a sentence of the lesson «The Atlantic routes and the slave trade» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tens, descendants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:030-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade.lesson:21 # text = Tens of millions of people in the Americas today, in Brazil, the USA, the Caribbean and elsewhere, are descendants of Africans brought by the slave trade, and music such as jazz, samba and reggae grew partly from the music they brought from Africa. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 030-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×4 1 Tens ten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 9 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obl:unmarked _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 Brazil Brazil PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 USA USA PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:nmod:unmarked 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 Caribbean Caribbean PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:appos 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 elsewhere elsewhere ADV RB _ 18 conj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 22 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 23 descendants descendant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 nsubj _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 Africans African PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 23 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:conj 26 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 acl _ _ 27 by by ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 slave slave NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=30:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 30 trade trade NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=33:punct 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 music music NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 conj _ _ 34 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 36 case _ _ 35 as as ADP IN _ 34 fixed _ _ 36 jazz jazz NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 38 samba samba NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 conj _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 40 reggae reggae NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 conj _ _ 41 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 42 partly partly ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 43 from from ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 music music NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 46 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 nsubj _ _ 47 brought bring VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 45 acl:relcl _ _ 48 from from ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 49 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 47 obl _ _ 50 . . PUNCT . _ 23 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=41:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Tens of millions of people in the Americas in Brazil and the USA and the Caribbean | descendants | | | | of Africans | tree rules | | 2 | **bring** | participle | | Africans *not said here* | | | | by the slave trade | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **grow** | past | descendants | | | | | from the music; partly *property* | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from music=Patient | | 4 | **bring** | past | descendants *= descendant* | the music *not said here* | | Africa | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent music=Theme from africa=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:030-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade.lesson:21`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Atlantic routes and the slave trade, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/20/) - next →: [Borders: why they are where they are, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/30-the-atlantic-routes-and-the-slave-trade/)