--- title: Some borders follow things that are hard to cross, like the high Pyr… — Borders: why they are where they are · tree and pragmatics description: Some borders follow things that are hard to cross, like the high Pyrenees between France and Spain, while others are dead straight because someone drew them with a ruler on a map, often far away. Who acts: borders, things, others, someone. A sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Borders: why they are where they are](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/) / 1 # Borders: why they are where they are, sentence 1 Some borders follow things that are hard to cross, like the high Pyrenees between France and Spain, while others are dead straight because someone drew them with a ruler on a map, often far away. **Who acts:** borders, things, others, someone · **What happens:** follow, be, cross, draw · **To what, where:** things, others This is a sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (borders, things, others, someone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:1 # text = Some borders follow things that are hard to cross, like the high Pyrenees between France and Spain, while others are dead straight because someone drew them with a ruler on a map, often far away. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 2 det _ _ 2 borders border NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 follow follow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 6 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 7 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 acl:relcl _ _ 8 to to PART TO _ 9 mark _ _ 9 cross cross VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:csubj 10 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 11 like like ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 Pyrenees Pyrenees PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 15 between between ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 France France PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 Spain Spain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 while while SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 21 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 22 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 23 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 24 straight straight ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 25 because because SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 26 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 27 nsubj _ _ 27 drew draw VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 28 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ _ 29 with with ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 ruler ruler NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 32 on on ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 map map NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 often often ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 37 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 38 advmod _ _ 38 away away ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **follow** | present | some borders | things | | | | like the high Pyrenees between France and Spain | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme | | 2 | **is** | present | things | | | | | hard *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **cross** | to-infinitive | things *not said here* | | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **is** | present | others | | | | | dead, straight *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **draw** | past | someone | others *= other* | | | | with a ruler on a map; away *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borders: why they are where they are, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/0/) - next →: [Borders: why they are where they are, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/)