--- title: Colonial borders often split one people between several countries, o… — Borders: why they are where they are · tree and pragmatics description: Colonial borders often split one people between several countries, or put rival peoples into one country; the Somali people, for example, live in Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya and Djibouti. Who acts: Colonial borders, Somali people. A sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the g --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Borders: why they are where they are](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/) / 11 # Borders: why they are where they are, sentence 11 Colonial borders often split one people between several countries, or put rival peoples into one country; the Somali people, for example, live in Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya and Djibouti. **Who acts:** Colonial borders, Somali people · **What happens:** split, put, live · **To what, where:** one people, rival peoples, one country, Somalia This is a sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Colonial borders, Somali people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:11 # text = Colonial borders often split one people between several countries, or put rival peoples into one country; the Somali people, for example, live in Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya and Djibouti. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Colonial colonial ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 2 borders border NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 often often ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 split split VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 6 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 between between ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 or or CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 put put VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 13 rival rival ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 14 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 15 into into ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 17 nummod _ _ 17 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 Somali somali ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 21 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 for for ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 example example NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:nmod 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 Somalia Somalia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 Ethiopia Ethiopia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 conj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 Kenya Kenya PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 conj _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 Djibouti Djibouti PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 conj _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **split** | past | Colonial borders | one people | | | | between several countries; often *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient | | 2 | **put** | past | Colonial borders *not said here* | | rival peoples | one country | | | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent people=Goal | | 3 | **live** | present | the Somali people | | | Somalia and Ethiopia and Kenya and Djibouti | | for example | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in somalia=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borders: why they are where they are, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/9/) - next →: [Borders: why they are where they are, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/)