--- title: About 15 million people fled across the new India–Pakistan border, a… — Borders: why they are where they are · tree and pragmatics description: About 15 million people fled across the new India–Pakistan border, and hundreds of thousands, perhaps more than a million, were killed in the violence; the exact number is not known. Who acts: million people. A sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Borders: why they are where they are](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/) / 13 # Borders: why they are where they are, sentence 13 About 15 million people fled across the new India–Pakistan border, and hundreds of thousands, perhaps more than a million, were killed in the violence; the exact number is not known. **Who acts:** million people · **What happens:** flee, kill, not know · **To what, where:** new Pakistan border, India, hundreds, violence, exact number This is a sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (million people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:13 # text = About 15 million people fled across the new India–Pakistan border, and hundreds of thousands, perhaps more than a million, were killed in the violence; the exact number is not known. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 About about ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 2 15 15 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:nummod 3 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 4 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 5 fled flee VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl _ _ 6 across across ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:det 8 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:amod 9 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 10 – - PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 Pakistan Pakistan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 border border NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:appos 13 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=15:punct 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 15 hundreds hundred NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj:pass _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nmod _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 perhaps perhaps ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 17 amod _ _ 21 than than ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 20 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 25 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 26 killed kill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 conj _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 violence violence NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 exact exact ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 number number NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux:pass _ _ 35 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 36 advmod _ _ 36 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 parataxis _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **flee** | participle | million people *not said here* | the new Pakistan border | | India | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme across india=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **kill** | past · passive | | hundreds of thousands | | the violence | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 3 | **not** **know** | present · passive | | the exact number | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borders: why they are where they are, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/12/) - next →: [Borders: why they are where they are, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/)