--- title: Lines drawn by outsiders, as in Africa in 1884 or India in 1947, cut… — Borders: why they are where they are · tree and pragmatics description: Lines drawn by outsiders, as in Africa in 1884 or India in 1947, cut through peoples, farms and families, and many of today's troubles still come from them. Who acts: Lines, many, today. A sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Borders: why they are where they are](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/) / 4 # Borders: why they are where they are, sentence 4 Lines drawn by outsiders, as in Africa in 1884 or India in 1947, cut through peoples, farms and families, and many of today's troubles still come from them. **Who acts:** Lines, many, today · **What happens:** draw, cut, come, trouble · **To what, where:** Lines This is a sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lines, many, today), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:4 # text = Lines drawn by outsiders, as in Africa in 1884 or India in 1947, cut through peoples, farms and families, and many of today's troubles still come from them. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Lines line NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 2 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 acl _ _ 3 by by ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 outsiders outsider NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl:agent _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 6 as as ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 1884 1884 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 nmod _ _ 11 or or CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 1947 1947 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 16 cut cut VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 17 through through ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 farms farm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 families family NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 25 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 nsubj _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod:poss _ _ 28 's 's PART POS _ 27 case _ _ 29 troubles trouble NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nmod _ _ 30 still still ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 come come VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 32 from from ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 16 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **draw** | participle | | Lines as Africa in 1884 in 1947 or India *not said here* | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **cut** | past | Lines as Africa in 1884 in 1947 or India | | | | | through peoples and farms and families | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent through people=Patient | | 3 | **come** | present | many of today's troubles | | | | still | from troubles *= trouble* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from they=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **trouble** | | today | | | | | | nom trouble «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borders: why they are where they are, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/3/) - next →: [Borders: why they are where they are, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/)