--- title: Many borders in Africa, the Middle East and North America are straig… — Borders: why they are where they are · tree and pragmatics description: Many borders in Africa, the Middle East and North America are straight lines drawn on maps; the USA and Canada share the 49th parallel for about 2,000 kilometres. Who acts: Many borders, USA. A sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary sc --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Borders: why they are where they are](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/) / 6 # Borders: why they are where they are, sentence 6 Many borders in Africa, the Middle East and North America are straight lines drawn on maps; the USA and Canada share the 49th parallel for about 2,000 kilometres. **Who acts:** Many borders, USA · **What happens:** be, draw, share · **To what, where:** straight lines, maps, 49th parallel This is a sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many borders, USA), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:6 # text = Many borders in Africa, the Middle East and North America are straight lines drawn on maps; the USA and Canada share the 49th parallel for about 2,000 kilometres. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 borders border NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 Middle Middle PROPN NNP _ 8 compound _ _ 8 East East PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:appos 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 North North PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 12 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 13 straight straight ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 lines line NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 15 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 acl _ _ 16 on on ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 maps map NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 USA USA PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 Canada Canada PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 conj _ _ 23 share share VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 parataxis _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:parataxis|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 49th 49th ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 26 parallel parallel NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 27 for for ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 28 about about ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 29 2,000 2000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 30 nummod _ _ 30 kilometres kilometre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Many borders in Africa and the Middle East and North America | straight lines | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **draw** | participle | | straight lines *not said here* | | maps | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on map=Destination | | 3 | **share** | present | the USA and Canada | the 49th parallel | | | | for 2,000 kilometres | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borders: why they are where they are, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/4/) - next →: [Borders: why they are where they are, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/)