--- title: In 1494 Spain and Portugal agreed in the Treaty of Tordesillas to di… — Borders: why they are where they are · tree and pragmatics description: In 1494 Spain and Portugal agreed in the Treaty of Tordesillas to divide newly found lands outside Europe along a line about 370 leagues (a league is a few kilometres) west of the Cape Verde islands. Who acts: Spain, league. A sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geog --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Borders: why they are where they are](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/) / 7 # Borders: why they are where they are, sentence 7 In 1494 Spain and Portugal agreed in the Treaty of Tordesillas to divide newly found lands outside Europe along a line about 370 leagues (a league is a few kilometres) west of the Cape Verde islands. **Who acts:** Spain, league · **What happens:** agree, divide, find, be · **To what, where:** 1494, found lands, few kilometres This is a sentence of the lesson «Borders: why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spain, league), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:7 # text = In 1494 Spain and Portugal agreed in the Treaty of Tordesillas to divide newly found lands outside Europe along a line about 370 leagues (a league is a few kilometres) west of the Cape Verde islands. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1494 1494 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 obl _ _ 3 Spain Spain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 Portugal Portugal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 6 agreed agree VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 Treaty Treaty PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 Tordesillas Tordesillas PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 divide divide VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 xcomp _ _ 14 newly newly ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 amod _ _ 16 lands land NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 17 outside outside ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 19 along along ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 line line NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 22 about about ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 23 370 370 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 24 nummod _ _ 24 leagues league NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nmod _ _ 25 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 31 punct _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 league league NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 kilometres kilometre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=24:appos 32 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 31 punct _ _ 33 west west ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 34 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 36 Cape Cape PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 compound _ _ 37 Verde Verde PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 compound _ _ 38 islands island NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nmod _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | Spain and Portugal | | | 1494 | | in the Treaty of Tordesillas | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **divide** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Spain and Portugal *not said here* | found lands | | | | outside Europe; along a line 370 leagues of the Verde islands | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme | | 3 | **find** | participle | | | | | | newly *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** | present | a league | a few kilometres | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:031-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borders: why they are where they are, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/6/) - next →: [Borders: why they are where they are, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/)