--- title: Venice is a city built on more than a hundred small islands in a sha… — Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean · tree and pragmatics description: Venice is a city built on more than a hundred small islands in a shallow lagoon, where enemy ships ran aground and armies could not march in; its people lived by trade, not by farming. Who acts: Venice, enemy ships, armies. A sentence of the lesson «Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/32-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterra…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/32-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean/) / 0 # Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean, sentence 0 Venice is a city built on more than a hundred small islands in a shallow lagoon, where enemy ships ran aground and armies could not march in; its people lived by trade, not by farming. **Who acts:** Venice, enemy ships, armies · **What happens:** be, build, run, not march in, live · **To what, where:** city, hundred small islands, people This is a sentence of the lesson «Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Venice, enemy ships, armies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:032-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean.lesson:0 # text = Venice is a city built on more than a hundred small islands in a shallow lagoon, where enemy ships ran aground and armies could not march in; its people lived by trade, not by farming. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 032-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Venice Venice PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl _ _ 6 on on ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 7 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV 10 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:advmod 8 than than ADP IN _ 7 fixed _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:det 10 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 11 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 islands island NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 shallow shallow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 lagoon lagoon NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:obl 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 21 advmod _ _ 19 enemy enemy NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 20 ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 ran run VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 acl:relcl _ _ 22 aground aground ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:xcomp|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 24 armies army NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 25 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 26 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 27 advmod _ _ 27 march march VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 conj _ _ 28 in in ADP RP _ 27 compound:prt _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ _ 32 lived live VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 31 acl _ _ 33 by by ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 trade trade NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 38 advmod _ _ 37 by by ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 farming farming NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=34:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBG:VerbForm=Ger 39 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Venice | a city and lagoon's people | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **build** | participle | | a city and lagoon's people *not said here* | | hundred small islands in a shallow lagoon | | | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on island=Source | | 3 | **run** | past | enemy ships | | | | | aground *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **not** **march in** | could | armies | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **live** | participle | | lagoon's people *not said here* | | | | by trade and farming | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by trade=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:032-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Borders: why they are where they are, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/31-borders-why-they-are-where-they-are/18/) - next →: [Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterra…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/32-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/32-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean/)