---
title: The Ottoman sultan Mehmed II captured Constantinople in 1453, ending… — Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean · tree and pragmatics
description: The Ottoman sultan Mehmed II captured Constantinople in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire. Who acts: Ottoman sultan. A sentence of the lesson «Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean, sentence 10

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The Ottoman sultan Mehmed II captured Constantinople in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire.

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**Who acts:** Ottoman sultan · **What happens:** capture, end · **To what, where:** Constantinople, 1453, Byzantine Empire

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ottoman sultan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:032-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean.lesson:10
# text = The Ottoman sultan Mehmed II captured Constantinople in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 032-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Ottoman	ottoman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sultan	sultan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:appos
4	Mehmed	Mehmed	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	II	II	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	4	flat	_	_
6	captured	capture	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Constantinople	Constantinople	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	1453	1453	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	ending	end	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Byzantine	Byzantine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=11:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **capture** | past | the Ottoman sultan | Constantinople |  | 1453 |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent constantinople=Theme |
| 2 | **end** | gerund | the Ottoman sultan *not said here* | the Byzantine Empire |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality empire=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:032-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- next →: [Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterra…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/32-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean/11/)
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