--- title: In 1337, when Europa Universalis 5 begins, the Ottomans were only a… — Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean · tree and pragmatics description: In 1337, when Europa Universalis 5 begins, the Ottomans were only a small beylik, a little Turkish princedom, in north-west Anatolia; within about 120 years they took Constantinople and grew into a huge empire. Who acts: Europa, Ottomans. A sentence of the lesson «Venice, the Ottomans and the Medite --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/32-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterra…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/32-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean/) / 2 # Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean, sentence 2 In 1337, when Europa Universalis 5 begins, the Ottomans were only a small beylik, a little Turkish princedom, in north-west Anatolia; within about 120 years they took Constantinople and grew into a huge empire. **Who acts:** Europa, Ottomans · **What happens:** begin, be, take, grow · **To what, where:** small beylik, 1337, Constantinople, huge empire This is a sentence of the lesson «Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterranean» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Europa, Ottomans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:032-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean.lesson:2 # text = In 1337, when Europa Universalis 5 begins, the Ottomans were only a small beylik, a little Turkish princedom, in north-west Anatolia; within about 120 years they took Constantinople and grew into a huge empire. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 032-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1337 1337 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 16 obl _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 4 when when SCONJ WRB _ 8 mark _ _ 5 Europa Europa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 6 Universalis Universalis PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 flat _ _ 7 5 5 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 flat _ _ 8 begins begin VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 Ottomans Ottoman PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 12 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 13 only only ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 beylik beylik NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 parataxis _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 19 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 20 Turkish Turkish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 princedom princedom NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:conj 22 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 24 north north ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 25 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 24 punct _ _ 26 west west ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 Anatolia Anatolia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 29 within within ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 about about ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 120 120 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 32 nummod _ _ 32 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obl _ _ 33 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 34 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 35 Constantinople Constantinople PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=34:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 conj _ _ 38 into into ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 empire empire NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 16 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=34:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **begin** | present | Europa | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 2 | **is a** | past | the Ottomans | a small beylik and west Anatolia | | 1337 | | | tree rules | | 3 | **take** | past | Ottomans *= ottoman* | | Constantinople | | year | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument constantinople=Destination | | 4 | **grow** | past | Ottomans *= ottoman* *not said here* | | | | | into a huge empire *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into empire=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:032-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterra…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/32-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean/1/) - next →: [Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterra…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/32-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/32-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean/)