--- title: Portugal and Castile sat on the edge of Europe, facing the open Atla… — Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires · tree and pragmatics description: Portugal and Castile sat on the edge of Europe, facing the open Atlantic, so while Venice owned the old Mediterranean routes, they looked for new ones across the ocean. Who acts: Portugal, Venice. A sentence of the lesson «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Castile, Portugal and the first sea em…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/) / 0 # Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires, sentence 0 Portugal and Castile sat on the edge of Europe, facing the open Atlantic, so while Venice owned the old Mediterranean routes, they looked for new ones across the ocean. **Who acts:** Portugal, Venice · **What happens:** sit, face, own, look · **To what, where:** edge, open Atlantic, old Mediterranean routes This is a sentence of the lesson «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Portugal, Venice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:033-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires.lesson:0 # text = Portugal and Castile sat on the edge of Europe, facing the open Atlantic, so while Venice owned the old Mediterranean routes, they looked for new ones across the ocean. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 033-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Portugal Portugal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 Castile Castile PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=1:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 4 sat sit VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 on on ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 edge edge NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 11 facing face VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 open open ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 Atlantic Atlantic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 so so CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 17 while while SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 18 Venice Venice PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 owned own VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 21 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 22 Mediterranean Mediterranean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 23 routes route NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 looked look VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 27 for for ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 ones one NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 30 across across ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 ocean ocean NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:obl 33 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sit** | past | Portugal and Castile | | | the edge of Europe | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on edge=Location | | 2 | **face** | gerund | Portugal and Castile *not said here* | | the open Atlantic | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme atlantic=Destination | | 3 | **own** | past | Venice | the old Mediterranean routes | | | | | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot route=Theme | | 4 | **look** | past | Portugal | | | | | for new ones across the ocean | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for one=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:033-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Venice, the Ottomans and the Mediterra…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/32-venice-the-ottomans-and-the-mediterranean/18/) - next →: [Castile, Portugal and the first sea em…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/)