--- title: Step by step Portuguese ships crept down the coast of Africa, like a… — Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires · tree and pragmatics description: Step by step Portuguese ships crept down the coast of Africa, like a child exploring a dark corridor one door at a time, until in 1498 Vasco da Gama reached India by sea. Who acts: Portuguese ships, child, Vasco da Gama. A sentence of the lesson «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the g --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Castile, Portugal and the first sea em…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/) / 1 # Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires, sentence 1 Step by step Portuguese ships crept down the coast of Africa, like a child exploring a dark corridor one door at a time, until in 1498 Vasco da Gama reached India by sea. **Who acts:** Portuguese ships, child, Vasco da Gama · **What happens:** creep down, explore, reach · **To what, where:** coast, dark corridor, India This is a sentence of the lesson «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Portuguese ships, child, Vasco da Gama), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:033-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires.lesson:1 # text = Step by step Portuguese ships crept down the coast of Africa, like a child exploring a dark corridor one door at a time, until in 1498 Vasco da Gama reached India by sea. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 033-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Step step NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 advmod _ _ 2 by by ADP IN _ 1 fixed _ _ 3 step step NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 fixed _ _ 4 Portuguese Portuguese ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 5 ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 6 crept creep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 down down ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 coast coast NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:obj 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 like like ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 16 exploring explore VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 15 acl _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 corridor corridor NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 20 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 21 nummod _ _ 21 door door NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:obj 22 at at ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 until until ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 1498 1498 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 32 obl _ _ 29 Vasco Vasco PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 30 da da PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 Gama Gama PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 reached reach VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 33 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 34 by by ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 32 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **creep down** | past | Portuguese ships | the coast of Africa | | | | like a child; down *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **explore** | gerund | a child *not said here* | a dark corridor | | | time | one door *obl* | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent corridor=Location | | 3 | **reach** | past | Vasco da Gama | India | | | until 1498 | by sea | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent india=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:033-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Castile, Portugal and the first sea em…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/0/) - next →: [Castile, Portugal and the first sea em…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/)