--- title: Hernán Cortés and a small Spanish force, with tens of thousands of I… — Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires · tree and pragmatics description: Hernán Cortés and a small Spanish force, with tens of thousands of Indigenous allies, conquered the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan in 1521, helped by a smallpox outbreak, and Mexico City was built on its ruins. Who acts: Hernán, outbreak. A sentence of the lesson «Castile, Portugal and the first sea emp --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Castile, Portugal and the first sea em…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/) / 14 # Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires, sentence 14 Hernán Cortés and a small Spanish force, with tens of thousands of Indigenous allies, conquered the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan in 1521, helped by a smallpox outbreak, and Mexico City was built on its ruins. **Who acts:** Hernán, outbreak · **What happens:** conquer, help, build, ruin · **To what, where:** Aztec capital, 1521, Mexico City, ruins This is a sentence of the lesson «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hernán, outbreak), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:033-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires.lesson:14 # text = Hernán Cortés and a small Spanish force, with tens of thousands of Indigenous allies, conquered the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan in 1521, helped by a smallpox outbreak, and Mexico City was built on its ruins. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 033-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Hernán Hernán PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 2 Cortés Cortés PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 5 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 6 Spanish Spanish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 force force NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 conj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 tens ten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 Indigenous Indigenous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 15 allies ally NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 17 conquered conquer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 Aztec Aztec PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 capital capital NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 21 Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 appos _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 1521 1521 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 17 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 helped help VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 advcl _ _ 26 by by ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 smallpox smallpox NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 outbreak outbreak NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 32 Mexico Mexico PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 City City PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux:pass _ _ 35 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:conj 36 on on ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 ruins ruin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 17 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **conquer** | past | Hernán and a small Spanish force with tens of thousands of Indigenous allies | the Aztec capital | | 1521 | | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capital=Patient | | 2 | **help** | participle | Hernán and a small Spanish force with tens of thousands of Indigenous allies *not said here* | | | | | by a smallpox outbreak | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **build** | past · passive | | Mexico City | | outbreak's ruins | | | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on ruin=Source | | 4 | **ruin** | | outbreak | | | | | | nom ruin «state transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:033-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Castile, Portugal and the first sea em…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/13/) - next →: [Castile, Portugal and the first sea em…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/)