---
title: Bartolomeu Dias sailed round the southern tip of Africa in 1488, and… — Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires · tree and pragmatics
description: Bartolomeu Dias sailed round the southern tip of Africa in 1488, and Vasco da Gama reached India by sea in 1498. Who acts: Bartolomeu. A sentence of the lesson «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics o
---

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# Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires, sentence 9

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Bartolomeu Dias sailed round the southern tip of Africa in 1488, and Vasco da Gama reached India by sea in 1498.

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**Who acts:** Bartolomeu · **What happens:** sail, reach · **To what, where:** 1488, India, 1498

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bartolomeu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:033-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires.lesson:9
# text = Bartolomeu Dias sailed round the southern tip of Africa in 1488, and Vasco da Gama reached India by sea in 1498.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 033-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1
1	Bartolomeu	Bartolomeu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Dias	Dias	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	round	round	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tip	tip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	1488	1488	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	Vasco	Vasco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
15	da	da	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Gama	gama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
17	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	1498	1498	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | past | Bartolomeu |  |  | 1488 |  | round the southern tip of Africa | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent round tip=Trajectory |
| 2 | **reach** | past | Bartolomeu *not said here* | India |  | 1498 |  | by sea | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent india=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:033-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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