--- title: After 1492 smallpox, measles and flu crossed the Atlantic and killed… — The people who were already there: what colonisa… · tree and pragmatics description: After 1492 smallpox, measles and flu crossed the Atlantic and killed far more people than swords did; American peoples had never met these diseases, so their bodies had no defence against them, no immunity. Who acts: smallpox, American peoples, bodies. A sentence of the lesson «The people who were a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [The people who were already there: wha…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/) / 2 # The people who were already there: what colonisation did, sentence 2 After 1492 smallpox, measles and flu crossed the Atlantic and killed far more people than swords did; American peoples had never met these diseases, so their bodies had no defence against them, no immunity. **Who acts:** smallpox, American peoples, bodies · **What happens:** cross, kill, not meet, have · **To what, where:** 1492, more people, diseases, defence This is a sentence of the lesson «The people who were already there: what colonisation did» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smallpox, American peoples, bodies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:036-the-people-who-were-already-there.lesson:2 # text = After 1492 smallpox, measles and flu crossed the Atlantic and killed far more people than swords did; American peoples had never met these diseases, so their bodies had no defence against them, no immunity. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 036-the-people-who-were-already-there.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 After after ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 1492 1492 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:nummod 3 smallpox smallpox NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 measles measle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 conj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 flu flu NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 8 crossed cross VERB VBD Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 Atlantic Atlantic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 killed kill VERB VBD Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 13 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 14 advmod _ _ 14 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 15 amod _ _ 15 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 16 than than SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 17 swords sword NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 18 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 advcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:advcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 20 American American ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 22 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 23 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 24 advmod _ _ 24 met meet VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 12 parataxis _ _ 25 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 26 det _ _ 26 diseases disease NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 28 so so ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 29 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 30 bodies body NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 ccomp _ _ 32 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 33 det _ _ 33 defence defence NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 34 against against ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nmod _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 37 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 38 det _ _ 38 immunity immunity NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:parataxis 39 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cross** | past | smallpox and measles and flu | 1492 | | | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent atlantic=Patient | | 2 | **kill** | past | smallpox and measles and flu *not said here* | more people | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **not** **meet** | past · perfect | American peoples | this diseases | | | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disease=Co-Agent | | 4 | **have** | past | people's bodies | no defence | | | | against people | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent defence=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:036-the-people-who-were-already-there.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The people who were already there: wha…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/1/) - next →: [The people who were already there: wha…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/)