--- title: North America held many Indigenous nations, such as the Haudenosaune… — The people who were already there: what colonisa… · tree and pragmatics description: North America held many Indigenous nations, such as the Haudenosaunee, Cherokee, Lakota and Powhatan, who made treaties, traded and fought with Europeans. Who acts: North America, many Indigenous nations. A sentence of the lesson «The people who were already there: what colonisation did» of the geog --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [The people who were already there: wha…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/) / 9 # The people who were already there: what colonisation did, sentence 9 North America held many Indigenous nations, such as the Haudenosaunee, Cherokee, Lakota and Powhatan, who made treaties, traded and fought with Europeans. **Who acts:** North America, many Indigenous nations · **What happens:** hold, make, trade, fight · **To what, where:** many Indigenous nations, treaties This is a sentence of the lesson «The people who were already there: what colonisation did» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (North America, many Indigenous nations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:036-the-people-who-were-already-there.lesson:9 # text = North America held many Indigenous nations, such as the Haudenosaunee, Cherokee, Lakota and Powhatan, who made treaties, traded and fought with Europeans. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 036-the-people-who-were-already-there.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 North North PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 held hold VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 5 Indigenous Indigenous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 6 nations nation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 8 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 11 case _ _ 9 as as ADP IN _ 8 fixed _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 Haudenosaunee Haudenosaunee PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 Cherokee Cherokee PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 flat _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 Lakota Lakota PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 flat _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 Powhatan Powhatan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 20 nsubj _ _ 20 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:acl:relcl 21 treaties treaty NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 traded trade VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 fought fight VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=23:conj 26 with with ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 Europeans European PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 25 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=25:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 28 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hold** | past | North America | many Indigenous nations | | | | such the Haudenosaunee and Powhatan | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nation=Theme | | 2 | **make** | past | many Indigenous nations | treaties | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treaty=Product | | 3 | **trade** | past | many Indigenous nations *not said here* | | | | | | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **fight** | past | many Indigenous nations *not said here* | | | | | with Europeans | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with european=Co-Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:036-the-people-who-were-already-there.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The people who were already there: wha…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/8/) - next →: [The people who were already there: wha…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/36-the-people-who-were-already-there/)