---
title: San Marino, inside Italy, claims to be the oldest surviving republic… — Odd places: microstates, enclaves and disputed l… · tree and pragmatics
description: San Marino, inside Italy, claims to be the oldest surviving republic in the world, traditionally founded in 301; it sits on a mountain, stayed small and neutral, and was mostly left alone when Italy was united. Who acts: San, world, Italy. A sentence of the lesson «Odd places: microstates, enclaves 
---

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# Odd places: microstates, enclaves and disputed lands, sentence 7

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San Marino, inside Italy, claims to be the oldest surviving republic in the world, traditionally founded in 301; it sits on a mountain, stayed small and neutral, and was mostly left alone when Italy was united.

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**Who acts:** San, world, Italy · **What happens:** claim, survive, be, found, sit, stay · **To what, where:** oldest surviving republic, world, 301, mountain

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Odd places: microstates, enclaves and disputed lands» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (San, world, Italy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:039-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands.lesson:7
# text = San Marino, inside Italy, claims to be the oldest surviving republic in the world, traditionally founded in 301; it sits on a mountain, stayed small and neutral, and was mostly left alone when Italy was united.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 039-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	San	San	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	Marino	Marino	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	claims	claim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	amod	_	_
12	surviving	survive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	amod	_	_
13	republic	republic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	traditionally	traditionally	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	founded	found	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	301	301	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	obl	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	sits	sit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
30	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	xcomp	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	neutral	neutral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	conj	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
35	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux:pass	_	_
36	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
38	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
39	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	42	mark	_	_
40	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	nsubj	_	_
41	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	cop	_	_
42	united	united	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	advcl	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **claim** *speech: other* | present | San inside Italy |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **survive** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | to-infinitive | San inside Italy *not said here* | the oldest surviving republic |  | the world |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **found** | participle |  | the oldest surviving republic *not said here* |  | 301 |  | traditionally *property* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **sit** | present | world |  |  | a mountain |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on mountain=Location |
| 6 | **stay** | past | world *not said here* |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **leave** | past · passive | San inside Italy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | alone, mostly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V» |
| 8 | **is** | past | Italy |  |  |  |  | united *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:039-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Odd places: microstates, enclaves and…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/39-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands/6/)
- next →: [Odd places: microstates, enclaves and…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/39-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands/8/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/39-odd-places-microstates-enclaves-and-disputed-lands/)