---
title: The crust and the stiff top of the mantle together form the lithosph… — Inside the Earth · tree and pragmatics
description: The crust and the stiff top of the mantle together form the lithosphere, the hard shell that is broken into plates. Who acts: crust. A sentence of the lesson «Inside the Earth» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Inside the Earth, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crust and the stiff top of the mantle together form the lithosphere, the hard shell that is broken into plates.

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**Who acts:** crust · **What happens:** form, break · **To what, where:** lithosphere, hard shell, plates

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Inside the Earth» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crust), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:041-inside-the-earth.lesson:15
# text = The crust and the stiff top of the mantle together form the lithosphere, the hard shell that is broken into plates.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 041-inside-the-earth.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crust	crust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=2:cc
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mantle	mantle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	together	together	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	form	form	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	lithosphere	lithosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl:relcl	_	_
21	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present | the crust and the stiff top of the mantle | the lithosphere |  |  |  | together *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location lithosphere=Theme |
| 2 | **break** | present · passive |  | the hard shell |  |  |  | into plates *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into plate=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:041-inside-the-earth.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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