--- title: The Earth's hard outer shell, the lithosphere, is cracked into giant… — Plate tectonics · tree and pragmatics description: The Earth's hard outer shell, the lithosphere, is cracked into giant pieces called plates, which fit together like a jigsaw that has been dropped on the floor. Who acts: giant pieces. A sentence of the lesson «Plate tectonics» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Plate tectonics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/) / 0 # Plate tectonics, sentence 0 The Earth's hard outer shell, the lithosphere, is cracked into giant pieces called plates, which fit together like a jigsaw that has been dropped on the floor. **Who acts:** giant pieces · **What happens:** crack, call, fit together, drop · **To what, where:** hard outer shell, giant pieces, plates, jigsaw, floor · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Plate tectonics» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (giant pieces), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:042-plate-tectonics.lesson:0 # text = The Earth's hard outer shell, the lithosphere, is cracked into giant pieces called plates, which fit together like a jigsaw that has been dropped on the floor. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 042-plate-tectonics.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 5 outer outer ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 shell shell NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj:pass _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 lithosphere lithosphere NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 appos _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 11 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux:pass _ _ 12 cracked crack VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 13 into into ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 giant giant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 16 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 acl _ _ 17 plates plate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:obj 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 20 nsubj _ _ 20 fit fit VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 acl:relcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 together together ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 22 like like ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 jigsaw jigsaw NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 25 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 28 nsubj:pass _ _ 26 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 27 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 28 aux:pass _ _ 28 dropped drop VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 acl:relcl _ _ 29 on on ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 floor floor NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **crack** | present · passive | | the Earth's hard outer shell | | | | into giant pieces *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into piece=Result | | 2 | **call** | participle | giant pieces *not said here* | plates | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **fit together** | present | giant pieces | | | | | like a jigsaw; together *property* | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **drop** | present · perfect · passive | | a jigsaw | | the floor | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on floor=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:042-plate-tectonics.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Inside the Earth, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/41-inside-the-earth/16/) - next →: [Plate tectonics, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/)