--- title: When two continents collide, neither sinks, because continental crus… — Plate tectonics · tree and pragmatics description: When two continents collide, neither sinks, because continental crust is too light, so the crust crumples upwards into huge mountains, such as the Himalayas, where India is still pushing into Asia. Who acts: two continents, neither, continental crust, crust. A sentence of the lesson «Plate tectonics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Plate tectonics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/) / 10 # Plate tectonics, sentence 10 When two continents collide, neither sinks, because continental crust is too light, so the crust crumples upwards into huge mountains, such as the Himalayas, where India is still pushing into Asia. **Who acts:** two continents, neither, continental crust, crust, India · **What happens:** collide, sink, be, crumple, push · **To what, where:** huge mountains, Asia This is a sentence of the lesson «Plate tectonics» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two continents, neither, continental crust, crust), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:042-plate-tectonics.lesson:10 # text = When two continents collide, neither sinks, because continental crust is too light, so the crust crumples upwards into huge mountains, such as the Himalayas, where India is still pushing into Asia. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 042-plate-tectonics.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 When when SCONJ WRB _ 4 mark _ _ 2 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 3 nummod _ _ 3 continents continent NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 collide collide VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 advcl _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 6 neither neither PRON DT PronType=Neg 7 nsubj _ _ 7 sinks sink VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 9 because because SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 10 continental continental ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 crust crust NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 12 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 13 too too ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 light light ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 advcl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct 16 so so ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 crust crust NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 crumples crumple VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:advcl 20 upwards upwards ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 21 into into ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:nmod 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 28 case _ _ 26 as as ADP IN _ 25 fixed _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 Himalayas himalaya PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 23 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:conj 29 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 30 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 34 advmod _ _ 31 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 32 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 33 still still ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 34 pushing push VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 28 acl _ _ 35 into into ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 Asia Asia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **collide** | present | two continents | | | | | | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **sink** | present | neither | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **is** | present | continental crust | | | | | light *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **crumple** | present | the crust | | | | | into huge mountains such the Himalayas *result*; upwards *property* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent into mountain=Result | | 5 | **push** | present · progressive | India | | | Asia | still | | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent into asia=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:042-plate-tectonics.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Plate tectonics, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/9/) - next →: [Plate tectonics, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/)