---
title: Today satellites measure plate movement directly: GPS stations show… — Plate tectonics · tree and pragmatics
description: Today satellites measure plate movement directly: GPS stations show Europe and North America moving apart about 2.5 cm a year. Who acts: satellites, GPS stations, Europe. A sentence of the lesson «Plate tectonics» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# Plate tectonics, sentence 15

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Today satellites measure plate movement directly: GPS stations show Europe and North America moving apart about 2.5 cm a year.

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**Who acts:** satellites, GPS stations, Europe · **What happens:** measure, show, move · **To what, where:** plate movement, 2.5 cm

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Plate tectonics» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (satellites, GPS stations, Europe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:042-plate-tectonics.lesson:15
# text = Today satellites measure plate movement directly: GPS stations show Europe and North America moving apart about 2.5 cm a year.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 042-plate-tectonics.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1
1	Today	today	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	satellites	satellite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	measure	measure	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
8	GPS	GPS	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	compound	_	_
9	stations	station	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=11:cc
13	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	xcomp	_	_
16	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	about	about	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_
18	2.5	2.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod:unmarked	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | present | satellites | plate movement |  |  |  | directly, today *property* | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme movement=Value |
| 2 | **show** | present | GPS stations |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **move** | gerund | Europe and North America | 2.5 cm  a year |  |  |  | apart *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:042-plate-tectonics.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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