--- title: What happens at a plate's edge depends on how the plates meet: pulli… — Plate tectonics · tree and pragmatics description: What happens at a plate's edge depends on how the plates meet: pulling apart makes new sea floor, one diving under another makes trenches and volcanoes, two continents crashing makes mountains, and plates grinding sideways make earthquakes. Who acts: plates, pulling, one. A sentence of the lesson «P --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Plate tectonics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/) / 3 # Plate tectonics, sentence 3 What happens at a plate's edge depends on how the plates meet: pulling apart makes new sea floor, one diving under another makes trenches and volcanoes, two continents crashing makes mountains, and plates grinding sideways make earthquakes. **Who acts:** plates, pulling, one · **What happens:** happen, depend, meet, pull apart, make, dive · **To what, where:** edge, new sea floor, another, trenches, mountains, earthquakes This is a sentence of the lesson «Plate tectonics» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plates, pulling, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:042-plate-tectonics.lesson:3 # text = What happens at a plate's edge depends on how the plates meet: pulling apart makes new sea floor, one diving under another makes trenches and volcanoes, two continents crashing makes mountains, and plates grinding sideways make earthquakes. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 042-plate-tectonics.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 2 nsubj _ _ 2 happens happen VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 csubj _ _ 3 at at ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 plate plate NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod:poss _ _ 6 's 's PART POS _ 5 case _ _ 7 edge edge NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 8 depends depend VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 on on ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 10 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 13 advmod _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 plates plate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 13 meet meet VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 advcl _ _ 14 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 15 pulling pull VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 17 csubj _ _ 16 apart apart ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 17 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:conj 18 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 19 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 floor floor NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 22 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 34 nsubj _ _ 23 diving dive VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 34 csubj _ _ 24 under under ADP IN _ 26 mark _ _ 25 another another DET DT PronType=Ind 23 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:nsubj 26 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 advcl _ _ 27 trenches trench NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 volcanoes volcano NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 conj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 31 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 32 nummod _ _ 32 continents continent NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:nsubj 33 crashing crash VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 23 conj _ _ 34 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 35 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obj _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 38 plates plate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 nsubj _ _ 39 grinding grind VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 38 acl _ _ 40 sideways sideways ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 41 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 conj _ _ 42 earthquakes earthquake NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 obj _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=2:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **happen** | present | | | | a plate's edge | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at edge=Location | | 2 | **depend** | present | | | | | | | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **meet** | present | the plates | | | | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **pull apart** | gerund | | | | | | apart *property* | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **make** | present | pulling | new sea floor | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset floor=Product | | 6 | **dive** | gerund | | another | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 7 | **make** | present | | trenches and volcanoes | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset trench=Product | | 8 | **crash** | gerund | | | | | | | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 9 | **make** | present | one | mountains | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mountain=Product | | 10 | **grind** | gerund | plates *not said here* | | | | | sideways *property* | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 11 | **make** | present | plates | earthquakes | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material earthquake=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:042-plate-tectonics.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Plate tectonics, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/2/) - next →: [Plate tectonics, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/42-plate-tectonics/)