---
title: The lithosphere is broken into about 15 large plates and many smalle… — Plate tectonics · tree and pragmatics
description: The lithosphere is broken into about 15 large plates and many smaller ones that fit together like a cracked jigsaw. Who acts: many smaller ones. A sentence of the lesson «Plate tectonics» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Plate tectonics, sentence 5

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The lithosphere is broken into about 15 large plates and many smaller ones that fit together like a cracked jigsaw.

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**Who acts:** many smaller ones · **What happens:** break, fit together, crack · **To what, where:** lithosphere, 15 large plates

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Plate tectonics» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many smaller ones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:042-plate-tectonics.lesson:5
# text = The lithosphere is broken into about 15 large plates and many smaller ones that fit together like a cracked jigsaw.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 042-plate-tectonics.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lithosphere	lithosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	fit	fit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin
16	together	together	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	cracked	crack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	_
20	jigsaw	jigsaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present · passive |  | the lithosphere |  |  |  | into 15 large plates and many smaller ones *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into plate=Result |
| 2 | **fit together** | present | many smaller ones |  |  |  |  | like a cracked jigsaw; together *property* | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **crack** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:042-plate-tectonics.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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