--- title: Africa is pushing slowly north into Europe, squeezing the Mediterran… — Moving continents: from Pangaea to today · tree and pragmatics description: Africa is pushing slowly north into Europe, squeezing the Mediterranean, which may close in tens of millions of years. Who acts: Africa, Mediterranean. A sentence of the lesson «Moving continents: from Pangaea to today» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Moving continents: from Pangaea to today](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today/) / 15 # Moving continents: from Pangaea to today, sentence 15 Africa is pushing slowly north into Europe, squeezing the Mediterranean, which may close in tens of millions of years. **Who acts:** Africa, Mediterranean · **What happens:** push, squeeze, close · **To what, where:** Mediterranean This is a sentence of the lesson «Moving continents: from Pangaea to today» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Africa, Mediterranean), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:043-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today.lesson:15 # text = Africa is pushing slowly north into Europe, squeezing the Mediterranean, which may close in tens of millions of years. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 043-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 pushing push VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 north north ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 6 into into ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 squeezing squeeze VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 Mediterranean Mediterranean PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 15 nsubj _ _ 14 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 15 close close VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 acl:relcl _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 tens ten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nmod _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 22 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **push** | present · progressive | Africa | | | | | north, slowly *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **squeeze** | gerund | Africa *not said here* | the Mediterranean | | | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP ADJP-Result»: agent=Agent mediterranean=Result | | 3 | **close** | may | the Mediterranean | | | | | in tens of millions of years | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent in ten=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:043-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Moving continents: from Pangaea to today, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today/14/) - next →: [Moving continents: from Pangaea to today, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today/)