---
title: Most earthquake deaths are caused by collapsing buildings, not by th… — Earthquakes · tree and pragmatics
description: Most earthquake deaths are caused by collapsing buildings, not by the shaking ground itself. Who acts: shaking ground. A sentence of the lesson «Earthquakes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Earthquakes, sentence 11

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Most earthquake deaths are caused by collapsing buildings, not by the shaking ground itself.

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**Who acts:** shaking ground · **What happens:** cause, collapse · **To what, where:** Most earthquake deaths

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Earthquakes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shaking ground), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:044-earthquakes.lesson:11
# text = Most earthquake deaths are caused by collapsing buildings, not by the shaking ground itself.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 044-earthquakes.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
2	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	deaths	death	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	collapsing	collapse	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=5:punct
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	shaking	shaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
15	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	14	nmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:appos
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | the shaking ground  ground | Most earthquake deaths |  |  |  | by collapsing buildings | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |
| 2 | **collapse** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:044-earthquakes.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Earthquakes, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/44-earthquakes/10/)
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- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/44-earthquakes/)