---
title: A volcano is an opening in the crust where melted rock, gas and ash… — Volcanoes: how and where · tree and pragmatics
description: A volcano is an opening in the crust where melted rock, gas and ash escape from inside the Earth. Who acts: volcano, melted rock. A sentence of the lesson «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/46-volcanoes-how-and-where/5/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Volcanoes: how and where](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/46-volcanoes-how-and-where/) / 5

# Volcanoes: how and where, sentence 5

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A volcano is an opening in the crust where melted rock, gas and ash escape from inside the Earth.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** volcano, melted rock · **What happens:** be, melt, escape · **To what, where:** opening, crust, Earth

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (volcano, melted rock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:046-volcanoes-how-and-where.lesson:5
# text = A volcano is an opening in the crust where melted rock, gas and ash escape from inside the Earth.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 046-volcanoes-how-and-where.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	opening	opening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	crust	crust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	16	advmod	_	_
10	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
16	escape	escape	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a volcano | a opening |  | the crust |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **melt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **escape** | present | melted rock and gas and ash |  |  | the Earth |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from earth=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:046-volcanoes-how-and-where.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Volcanoes: how and where, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/46-volcanoes-how-and-where/4/)
- next →: [Volcanoes: how and where, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/46-volcanoes-how-and-where/6/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/46-volcanoes-how-and-where/)