---
title: Some volcanoes, like Hawaii's, are in the middle of a plate above a… — Volcanoes: how and where · tree and pragmatics
description: Some volcanoes, like Hawaii's, are in the middle of a plate above a hotspot, a plume of hot rock rising from deep in the mantle. Who acts: volcanoes, plume. A sentence of the lesson «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# Volcanoes: how and where, sentence 8

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Some volcanoes, like Hawaii's, are in the middle of a plate above a hotspot, a plume of hot rock rising from deep in the mantle.

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**Who acts:** volcanoes, plume · **What happens:** be, rise · **To what, where:** middle, mantle

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Volcanoes: how and where» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (volcanoes, plume), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:046-volcanoes-how-and-where.lesson:8
# text = Some volcanoes, like Hawaii's, are in the middle of a plate above a hotspot, a plume of hot rock rising from deep in the mantle.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 046-volcanoes-how-and-where.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:appos
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	above	above	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	hotspot	hotspot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	plume	plume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:conj
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	acl	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
26	deep	deep	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	mantle	mantle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some volcanoes like Hawaii |  |  | the middle |  | of a plate above a hotspot | tree rules |
| 2 | **rise** | gerund | a plume of hot rock *not said here* |  |  | the mantle |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from mantle=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:046-volcanoes-how-and-where.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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