--- title: Some eruptions changed history: in AD 79 Vesuvius buried Pompeii and… — Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes · tree and pragmatics description: Some eruptions changed history: in AD 79 Vesuvius buried Pompeii and Herculaneum, and in 1815 Tambora threw so much ash and gas into the sky that the next year had no proper summer. Who acts: eruptions, Vesuvius, Tambora, next year. A sentence of the lesson «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Famous eruptions and living with volca…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/) / 0 # Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes, sentence 0 Some eruptions changed history: in AD 79 Vesuvius buried Pompeii and Herculaneum, and in 1815 Tambora threw so much ash and gas into the sky that the next year had no proper summer. **Who acts:** eruptions, Vesuvius, Tambora, next year · **What happens:** change, bury, throw, have · **To what, where:** history, Pompeii, AD, much ash, 1815 This is a sentence of the lesson «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eruptions, Vesuvius, Tambora, next year), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:047-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes.lesson:0 # text = Some eruptions changed history: in AD 79 Vesuvius buried Pompeii and Herculaneum, and in 1815 Tambora threw so much ash and gas into the sky that the next year had no proper summer. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 047-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×3 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 2 det _ _ 2 eruptions eruption NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 changed change VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 history history NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 AD ad NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 8 79 79 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 7 flat _ _ 9 Vesuvius Vesuvius PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 10 buried bury VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 11 Pompeii Pompeii PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 Herculaneum Herculaneum PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=11:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 1815 1815 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 19 obl _ _ 18 Tambora Tambora PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 threw throw VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 20 so so ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 ash ash NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 gas gas NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 25 into into ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 sky sky NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 28 that that SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 advcl _ _ 33 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 35 det _ _ 34 proper proper ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 summer summer NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | past | some eruptions | history | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent history=Patient | | 2 | **bury** | past | Vesuvius | Pompeii and Herculaneum | | AD | | | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pompeii=Theme in ad=Destination | | 3 | **throw** | past | Tambora | much ash and gas | | 1815 | | into the sky *result* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer ash=Theme into sky=Result | | 4 | **have** | past | the next year | | | | summer | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:047-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Volcanoes: how and where, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/46-volcanoes-how-and-where/16/) - next →: [Famous eruptions and living with volca…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/)