--- title: After Tambora, its ash and gas high in the sky cooled the climate, a… — Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes · tree and pragmatics description: After Tambora, its ash and gas high in the sky cooled the climate, and 1816 became the "year without a summer" in Europe and North America, with snow in June and failed harvests. Who acts: ash, 1816. A sentence of the lesson «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes» of the geography course of Mov --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Famous eruptions and living with volca…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/) / 8 # Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes, sentence 8 After Tambora, its ash and gas high in the sky cooled the climate, and 1816 became the "year without a summer" in Europe and North America, with snow in June and failed harvests. **Who acts:** ash, 1816 · **What happens:** cool, become, fail · **To what, where:** climate, year This is a sentence of the lesson «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ash, 1816), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:047-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes.lesson:8 # text = After Tambora, its ash and gas high in the sky cooled the climate, and 1816 became the "year without a summer" in Europe and North America, with snow in June and failed harvests. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 047-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 After after ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 Tambora Tambora PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 ash ash NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 7 gas gas NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:compound 8 high high NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 sky sky NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:nmod 12 cooled cool VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 climate climate NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 17 1816 1816 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 18 nsubj _ _ 18 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 " " PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ _ 21 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 xcomp _ _ 22 without without ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 summer summer NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 25 " " PUNCT '' _ 21 punct _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 North North PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 compound _ _ 30 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 conj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 32 with with ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 snow snow NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 June June PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 failed fail VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 38 amod _ _ 38 harvests harvest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 conj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cool** | past | history's ash and gas and high | the climate | | | after Tambora | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent climate=Patient | | 2 | **become** | past | 1816 | the year without a summer in Europe and North America | | | | with snow in June and failed harvests | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **fail** | participle | | | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:047-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Famous eruptions and living with volca…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/7/) - next →: [Famous eruptions and living with volca…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/)