--- title: In the rock cycle, rocks are worn down into bits that make sedimenta… — Igneous rocks and the rock cycle · tree and pragmatics description: In the rock cycle, rocks are worn down into bits that make sedimentary rock, changed by heat and pressure into metamorphic rock, or melted and cooled into igneous rock. Who acts: bits. A sentence of the lesson «Igneous rocks and the rock cycle» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with i --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Geography](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/) / [Igneous rocks and the rock cycle](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle/) / 14 # Igneous rocks and the rock cycle, sentence 14 In the rock cycle, rocks are worn down into bits that make sedimentary rock, changed by heat and pressure into metamorphic rock, or melted and cooled into igneous rock. **Who acts:** bits · **What happens:** wear down, make, change, melt, cool · **To what, where:** rocks, rock cycle, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock, igneous rock This is a sentence of the lesson «Igneous rocks and the rock cycle» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:geography:048-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle.lesson:14 # text = In the rock cycle, rocks are worn down into bits that make sedimentary rock, changed by heat and pressure into metamorphic rock, or melted and cooled into igneous rock. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = geography # lesson = 048-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 cycle cycle NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 6 rocks rock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj:pass _ _ 7 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux:pass _ _ 8 worn wear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 9 down down ADP RP _ 8 compound:prt _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 10 into into ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 bits bit NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 12 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 13 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ _ 14 sedimentary sedimentary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 changed change VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 conj _ _ 18 by by ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 pressure pressure NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 22 into into ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 metamorphic metamorphic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 or or CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 melted melt VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 conj _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 cooled cool VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 conj _ _ 30 into into ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 igneous igneous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **wear down** | present · passive | | rocks | | the rock cycle | | into bits | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source | | 2 | **make** | present | bits | sedimentary rock | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rock=Product | | 3 | **change** | participle | | | | | | into metamorphic rock *result*; by heat and pressure | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into rock=Result | | 4 | **melt** | participle | | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **cool** | participle | | | | igneous rock | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:048-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Igneous rocks and the rock cycle, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle/13/) - next →: [Igneous rocks and the rock cycle, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle/)