---
title: Igneous rocks form when molten rock cools and hardens. — Igneous rocks and the rock cycle · tree and pragmatics
description: Igneous rocks form when molten rock cools and hardens. Who acts: Igneous rocks, molten rock. A sentence of the lesson «Igneous rocks and the rock cycle» of the geography course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Igneous rocks and the rock cycle, sentence 5

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Igneous rocks form when molten rock cools and hardens.

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**Who acts:** Igneous rocks, molten rock · **What happens:** form, cool, harden

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Igneous rocks and the rock cycle» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Igneous rocks, molten rock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:geography:048-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle.lesson:5
# text = Igneous rocks form when molten rock cools and hardens.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = geography
# lesson = 048-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Igneous	igneous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	form	form	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	molten	molten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	cools	cool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	hardens	harden	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present | Igneous rocks |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **cool** | present | molten rock |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **harden** | present | molten rock *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:geography:048-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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